{"id":154,"date":"2013-04-08T15:42:14","date_gmt":"2013-04-08T13:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lafabriquedecode.com\/blog\/?p=154"},"modified":"2019-02-04T20:00:59","modified_gmt":"2019-02-04T18:00:59","slug":"le-design-pattern-factory-method-en-php","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.lafabriquedecode.com\/blog\/2013\/04\/le-design-pattern-factory-method-en-php\/","title":{"rendered":"Le design pattern Factory Method en PHP"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le design pattern<\/em> Factory Method est appel\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais fabrique<\/strong>; c’est un design pattern<\/em> dit \u00ab\u00a0de cr\u00e9ation\u00a0\u00bb puisque le but de Factory Method est de cr\u00e9er des objets. La fabrique\u00a0est utilis\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire le couplage entre les classes; son but est qu’une classe cliente ne fasse plus des instanciations elle-m\u00eame mais qu’elle passe par une autre classe qui connait le processus (potentiellement complexe) de la cr\u00e9ation d’un objet dans les d\u00e9tails.<\/p>\n

\"Ouvri\u00e8res<\/a>

Ouvri\u00e8res charg\u00e9es d’instancier des objets<\/p><\/div>\n

Pr\u00e9sentons la facture !<\/h1>\n

Soit une classe Facturation exposant une m\u00e9thode declencher<\/strong> et qui constitue une facture en cr\u00e9ant une ent\u00eate, un corps et un pied de page sur lesquels elle va invoquer la m\u00e9thode formater<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\r\ninterface RubriqueInterface\r\n{\r\n    public function formater(): void; \r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Entete implements RubriqueInterface\r\n{\r\n    public function formater(): void\r\n    {\r\n        echo "Je formate mon ent\u00eate".PHP_EOL;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Corps implements RubriqueInterface\r\n{\r\n    private $produits;\r\n\r\n    public function __construct(array $produits)\r\n    {\r\n        $this->produits = $produits;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public function formater(): void\r\n    {\r\n        echo "Corps avec ".count($this->produits)." produits".PHP_EOL;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass PiedPage implements RubriqueInterface\r\n{\r\n    public function formater(): void\r\n    {\r\n        echo "Je formate mon pied de page".PHP_EOL;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Facturation\r\n{\r\n    private $entete;\r\n\r\n    private $corps;\r\n\r\n    private $piedPage;\r\n\r\n    public function __construct(array $produits)\r\n    {\r\n        $this->entete = new Entete();\r\n        $this->corps = new Corps($produits);\r\n        $this->piedPage = new PiedPage();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public function declencher(): void\r\n    {\r\n        $this->entete->formater();\r\n        $this->corps->formater();\r\n        $this->piedPage->formater();\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n$facture = new Facturation([['nom' => 'Gourde', 'prix' => 9.99]]);\r\n$facture->declencher();\r\n<\/pre>\n
Ici Facturation<\/em> est tr\u00e8s fortement coupl\u00e9e avec Entete<\/em>, Corps<\/em> et PiedPage<\/em> puisque les instanciations sont faites directement par cette classe. Nous allons diminuer ce couplage en faisant appel \u00e0 nos fabriques et leur factory methods<\/em>. La factory method<\/em> de notre fabrique abstraite est fabriquer<\/strong> (comme c’\u00e9tait pr\u00e9visible…):<\/p>\n
\r\nabstract class FabriqueFacture {\r\n    abstract public function fabriquer();\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Facturation\r\n{\r\n    private $entete;\r\n\r\n    private $corps;\r\n\r\n    private $piedPage;\r\n\r\n    public function __construct(array $produits)\r\n    {\r\n        $fabriqueEntete = new FabriqueEnteteFacture();\r\n        $this->entete = $fabriqueEntete->fabriquer();\r\n\r\n        $fabriqueCorps = new FabriqueCorpsFacture($produits);\r\n        $this->corps = $fabriqueCorps->fabriquer();\r\n\r\n        $fabriquePiedPage = new FabriquePiedPageFacture();\r\n        $this->piedPage = $fabriquePiedPage->fabriquer();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public function declencher(): void\r\n    {\r\n        $this->entete->formater();\r\n        $this->corps->formater();\r\n        $this->piedPage->formater();   \r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n$facture = new Facturation([['nom' => 'Gourde', 'prix' => 9.99]]);\r\n$facture->declencher();\r\n \r\nclass FabriqueEnteteFacture extends FabriqueFacture\r\n{\r\n    private $classeCible = 'Entete';\r\n\r\n    public function fabriquer(): RubriqueInterface\r\n    {\r\n        return new $this->classeCible();\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n \r\nclass FabriqueCorpsFacture extends FabriqueFacture\r\n{\r\n    private $classeCible = 'Corps';\r\n\r\n    private $produitsAFacturer;\r\n\r\n    public function __construct(array $produits)\r\n    {\r\n        $this->produitsAFacturer = $produits;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public function fabriquer(): RubriqueInterface\r\n    {\r\n        return new $this->classeCible($this->produitsAFacturer);\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n \r\nclass FabriquePiedPageFacture extends FabriqueFacture\r\n{\r\n    private $classeCible = 'PiedPage';\r\n\r\n    public function fabriquer(): RubriqueInterface\r\n    {\r\n        return new $this->classeCible();\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
Alors oui, vous allez me dire \u00ab\u00a0Oui mais, elle instancie des fabriques\u00a0notre classe Facturation<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb et je ne le contesterai pas ! Facturation<\/em> fait effectivement appel \u00e0 des\u00a0fabriques<\/strong> \u00e0 qui elle d\u00e9l\u00e8gue les instanciations. C’est l\u00e0 que r\u00e9side le d\u00e9couplage<\/em> !<\/p>\n
Ce sont les classes concr\u00e8tes d\u00e9rivant\u00a0FabriqueFacture<\/em> qui auront la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’instanciation des classes qui constituent les diff\u00e9rentes parties d’une facture : une fabrique de pieds de pages sait qu’elle doit instancier des pieds de pages. Souvenez-vous : une classe = une\u00a0responsabilit\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0! Afin de vous faciliter la vie durant les tests unitaires, le mieux serait d’injecter directement ses d\u00e9pendances au constructeur de Facturation<\/em>, \u00e0 savoir les 3 fabriques. C’est tr\u00e8s simple.<\/p>\n
\r\nclass Facturation\r\n{\r\n    private $entete;\r\n\r\n    private $corps;\r\n\r\n    private $piedPage;\r\n\r\n    public function __construct(FabriqueFacture $fabriqueEntete, \r\n        FabriqueFacture $fabriqueCorps,\r\n        FabriqueFacture $fabriquePiedPage)\r\n    {\r\n        $this->entete = $fabriqueEntete->fabriquer();\r\n        $this->corps = $fabriqueCorps->fabriquer();\r\n        $this->piedPage = $fabriquePiedPage->fabriquer();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public function declencher(): void\r\n    {\r\n        $this->entete->formater();\r\n        $this->corps->formater();\r\n        $this->piedPage->formater();\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n$produits = [['nom' => 'Gourde', 'prix' => 9.99]];\r\n\r\n$facture = new Facturation(\r\n  new FabriqueEnteteFacture(),\r\n  new FabriqueCorpsFacture($produits),\r\n  new FabriquePiedPageFacture()\r\n);\r\n$facture->declencher();\r\n<\/pre>\n
R\u00e9sumons les unit\u00e9s de code en pr\u00e9sence dans le design pattern Factory Method :<\/p>\n
    \n
  • La classe cliente : Facturation<\/em><\/li>\n
  • La fabrique abstraite : FabriqueFacture<\/em> (notez qu’une interface aurait suffi, essayez !)<\/li>\n
  • Les fabriques concr\u00e8tes : FabriqueEnteteFacture<\/em>, FabriqueCorpsFacture<\/em>, FabriquePiedPageFacture<\/em>…\n<\/li>\n
  • Les classes \u00ab\u00a0produits\u00a0\u00bb (ce qu’on veut obtenir au final) : Corps<\/em>, Entete<\/em>, PiedPage<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Le design pattern Factory Method est appel\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais fabrique; c’est un design pattern dit \u00ab\u00a0de cr\u00e9ation\u00a0\u00bb puisque le but de Factory Method est de cr\u00e9er des objets. La fabrique\u00a0est utilis\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire le couplage entre les classes; son but est qu’une classe cliente ne fasse plus des instanciations elle-m\u00eame mais qu’elle passe par une […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[24,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe design pattern Factory Method en PHP - La Fabrique de code - Tech blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lafabriquedecode.com\/blog\/2013\/04\/le-design-pattern-factory-method-en-php\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le design pattern Factory Method en PHP - La Fabrique de code - Tech blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le design pattern Factory Method est appel\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais fabrique; c’est un design pattern dit \u00ab\u00a0de cr\u00e9ation\u00a0\u00bb puisque le but de Factory Method est de cr\u00e9er des objets. 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